The camshaft is crucial to the smooth running of the engine, as it opens and closes the valves at the right time.
Find out in this article what it is, how it works, symptoms of failure, repair, sensor and practical care.
What Is A Camshaft?
The camshaft is a shaft with cams that control the opening of the engine’s valves.
This part rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft, synchronizing the engine cycle.
Where Is The Camshaft?
It is located at the top of the engine (engine head).
It can be SOHC (single-shaft), DOHC (twin-shaft) or multiple-shaft in more complex engines.
What Is The Function Of The Camshaft?
The camshaft is a rotating metal part located at the top of the engine. Its main function is to control the opening and closing of the intake and exhaust valves.
As it rotates, it transforms the circular movement into an alternating movement, pushing the valves to open and close at the right times. This allows the fuel to enter the cylinders and the gases resulting from combustion to exit through the exhaust.
In short, the camshaft ensures that the valves work in sync with the engine’s cycles.
How Does The Camshaft Work?
The crankshaft transmits rotation via a toothed belt, chain or gears to the camshaft. The cams push the rocker arms, which open the valves, transmitting a precise movement that prevents a drop in performance.
What’s The Difference Between The Camshaft And The Crankshaft?
In short, the crankshaft rotates at double speed and transmits power to the crankshaft and camshaft.
The camshaft, on the other hand, controls the valves without direct contact with the pistons. It does, however, synchronize with the crankshaft.
What Is The Camshaft Sensor Used For?
The camshaft sensor detects the position and speed of the shaft and transmits information to the power plant.
It is also essential for ignition timing, injection and safe engine operation.
What Happens When The Camshaft Goes Bad?
The main signs of a faulty camshaft are:
- Loss of engine power;
- Difficulty starting the engine;
- Engine running irregularly;
- White smoke coming out of the exhaust;
- Sudden acceleration.
What Symptoms Indicate Camshaft Sensor Problems?
When the camshaft sensor is faulty, the symptoms are:
- Engine panel light on;
- Difficulty starting or irregular idling;
- Intermittent faults or risk of stopping;
- Unsafe acceleration or hesitation;
- Excessive fuel consumption.
When Should The Camshaft Be Replaced?
The camshaft should be replaced whenever repair is not possible or when there is severe wear, worn teeth or visible cracks.
Action should be taken as soon as symptoms appear to prevent damage to the engine and crankshaft.
How Much To Replace A Camshaft?
The price of this part varies depending on the type of engine, the brand of vehicle and the number of shafts used.
How To Test The Camshaft Sensor?
To find out whether you need to change the camshaft sensor, it’s essential to test it first. To do this, you can:
- Use a multimeter to measure the resistance and signals on the terminal;
- Use an OBD-II scanner to check codes (e.g. error P0340);
- Visually check the condition of the wiring and connectors.
Where To Get Your Camshaft Repaired?
The problem may involve replacing the shaft, sensor or timing chain. That’s why it’s essential to go to a specialized car repair shop.
With the necessary tools and experience, the mechanic will be able to solve the problem without compromising the rest of the vehicle’s components.
What Tools Are There In The Kroftools Catalog For Camshaft Repair?
In order to successfully repair this component, it’s important to have the right tools.
The following tools can be found in the KROFtools catalog:
This tool is used on TDI CR engines from the VAG group (1.2,1.6,2.0,2.7,3.0,4.0,4.2).
Alignment Tool And Assembly Camshaft Vag Group
Allows the camshaft to be correctly aligned during engine assembly or maintenance, ensuring that the valves open and close at the right time.
It is compatible with various engine references and prevents synchronization faults that can damage the engine.
Click on the image to find out more about the Alignment Tool And Assembly Camshaft Vag Group (ref. 1582).
BMW S63 N63 Camshaft Alignment Tool Set
This kit is suitable for models such as the M5, M6, 650i, 650ix, Alpina B7LX and X5 between 2010 and 2014, ideal for servicing BMW V8 engines.
It allows the camshaft to be positioned at top dead center (TDC) and the timing chain tension to be adjusted, ensuring precise synchronization between valves and pistons.
Click on the image to find out more about the BMW S63 N63 Camshaft Alignment Tool Set (ref. 1670).
How Can You Extend The Life Of Your Camshaft?
The camshaft is a resistant part, but it can wear out if it is not properly maintained.
To increase its durability, here are some good practices:
1. Change The Oil Regularly
Clean oil with the right viscosity prevents excessive friction between components.
2. Use Lubricants Recommended By The Manufacturer
Not all oils protect in the same way. That’s why you should follow the manufacturer’s instructions.
3. Respect Maintenance Intervales
Check the condition of the timing belt or chain and the rocker arms at the intervals recommended by the manufacturer.
4. Avoid Excessive Engine Speeds When The Engine Is Cold
The engine needs to reach the ideal temperature before it can run at high speed. Therefore, avoid high revs when the engine is cold.
5. Replacing The Camshaft Sensor If Faulty
A faulty sensor can cause poor combustion and unnecessary strain on the camshaft. So replace it as soon as it becomes faulty.
With these simple precautions, you can keep your camshaft in good condition for many thousands of kilometers.
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