Thanks to Power Steering, maneuvering the steering wheel requires much less effort compared to older models.
Although this system is present in most vehicles, few people know what it is and how it works.
Read on to find out how this system works, the main signs of malfunction, and how to fix them.
What Is Power Steering In A Car?
The power steering system helps the driver to turn the steering wheel more easily, especially when maneuvering at low speeds or when the vehicle is stationary.
By reducing the effort required to turn the wheels, this system improves control of the car and makes driving safer.
What Is Power Steering For?
The main function of this system is to reduce the force required to move the steering wheel, especially during more demanding maneuvers such as parking.
In addition, this system also helps improve stability when cornering and reduces driver fatigue on long journeys.
What Are The Advantages Of Power Steering?
In short, power steering allows you to:
- Reduce driving effort;
- Increase safety and comfort;
- Improve maneuvering precision;
- Make driving smoother at low speeds.
What Are The Different Types Of Power Steering?
There are three main types of assisted steering: hydraulic, electro-hydraulic, and electric.
Although each of these systems has its own characteristics, the goal is the same: to make driving easier and more precise.
1. Hydraulic Power Steering
Hydraulic steering uses a pump driven by the engine to pressurize the oil and facilitate movement of the steering wheel.
It is robust and effective, but consumes more energy and requires regular fluid maintenance.
2. Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering
In this system, the hydraulic pump is powered by an electric motor instead of being connected to the vehicle’s engine.
It ensures lower fuel consumption and adapts the assistance according to the speed.
3. Electric Power Steering
The most modern version of this system uses an electric motor connected to the steering column to assist the driver.
It does not require fluid, is lighter, more efficient, and requires less maintenance.
How Does Hydraulic Power Steering Work?
This system uses a pump with a rotary valve and a belt to transmit the pressure generated by the engine to a cylinder and piston.
When the engine speed increases, the pressure also rises. When the steering wheel is turned, a valve opens, releasing the pressurized oil and applying force to the steering column.
How Does The Electro-Hydraulic Power Steering System Work?
In electro-hydraulic systems, the steering assist pump is electric, creating hydraulic pressure with oil.
Thus, the combustion engine, such as diesel, does not lose power and the effort is transfered to the vehicle’s electrical system.
How Does Electric Power Steering Work?
Electric power steering uses sensors to detect the movement and torque of the steering column. In turn, a computerized module applies the necessary power through an electric motor.
If something fails, the rack and pinion combination kicks in, allowing the steering to function without assistance.
Which Is Better: Hydraulic Or Electric Power Steering?
The answer depends on the type of vehicle and the driver’s needs. But in most cases, electric assisted steering outperforms traditional hydraulic steering in several ways.
Hydraulic power steering is robust and effective, especially in older or heavier vehicles. However, it requires more maintenance because it uses fluid and consumes more energy, as it is always active. In addition, it is more vulnerable to leaks and component wear.
On the other hand, electric assisted steering is more efficient, lighter and requires less maintenance. It only works when needed, which reduces consumption and wear. In addition, it integrates easily with modern driver assistance systems.
How Long Does Power Steering Last?
If properly maintained, this system can last for the entire life of the vehicle.
However, some components such as the pump or electric motor may need to be replaced.
What Are The Symptoms Of Power Steering Failure?
Some symptoms that indicate that the power steering is faulty are:
- Warning light on the car dashboard;
- Steering wheel unstable or vibrating while driving;
- Strange noises, such as squeaking, when turning the steering wheel;
- Difficulty turning the steering wheel, even while moving;
- Loss of power steering fluid, visible as stains on the floor or hood.
How To Fix Power Steering?
When there is a fault in this system, it can be fixed by:
- Steering alignment;
- Adjusting tire pressure;
- Changing the steering fluid;
- Replacing the shock absorber or suspension.
How To Maintain Power Steering?
To prevent malfunctions in this system, regular maintenance is required. Some tasks that ensure proper functioning include:
- Check the fluid level regularly;
- Replace the steering fluid as recommended by the manufacturer;
- Inspect hoses and seals to prevent leaks;
- Perform periodic checks on the electrical system if you have electric power steering.
What Type Of Oil Should I Use For Power Steering?
The type of oil for power assisted steering depends on the system installed in the vehicle and the manufacturer’s specifications. As a general rule, there are two main types:
- ATF (Automatic Transmission Fluid) Oil: the most commonly used in most hydraulic power steering systems. It is red in color and has anti-foaming and anti-wear properties.
- Specific oil for steering (CHF or PSF): used in more modern systems or in vehicles that require a special formulation. It is more resistant to temperature variations and ensures better performance.
Before selecting a product, read the vehicle manual or label in the compartment to choose the most suitable one.
Is It Possible To Convert Manual Steering To Power Steering?
Yes, but the process is complex and expensive. To make this conversion, you need to install a pump, reservoir, motor and sensor. In addition, the steering box must be adapted. In most cases, this change is not worth the cost.
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