The turbocharger provides greater power and efficiency without significantly increasing fuel consumption. However, its operation requires regular maintenance and attention to possible signs of wear.
Explore in this article how the turbocharger works, what are the symptoms of failure, the main types and how to extend its service life.
What Is A Turbocharger?
The turbocharger is a mechanical component used in internal combustion engines to increase power without the need for a larger engine.
In summary, it uses the exhaust gases to compress the air admitted by the engine, improving combustion and performance.
What Is The Function Of Turbocharger?
The main function of this component is to increase the engine’s power.
As well as making the engine more efficient, the turbo also helps manufacturers comply with emissions regulations by reducing displacement without losing performance.
Another aspect is that maximum torque is reached earlier, providing a quicker response and better performance when accelerating.
What Are The Components Of A Turbocharger?
The main components of the turbocharger are:
- Turbine: driven by the exhaust gases;
- Compressor: responsible for compressing the admitted air;
- Central shaft: connects the turbine to the compressor;
- Bearings: reduce friction and ensure the shaft runs smoothly.
How Does The Turbocharger Work?
The turbocharger works by using exhaust gases to drive a turbine. This turbine then turns a compressor.
The compressor draws the ambient air and compresses it before sending it to the combustion chamber.
Increasing the amount of air improves the mixture with the fuel, providing a stronger explosion. As a result, there is more power without the need for a larger engine.
What Types Of Turbochargers?
The main types of turbochargers are:
- Conventional Turbo: this is the most common model. It uses exhaust gases to start the turbine;
- Variable Geometry Turbo (VGT): adjusts the turbine blades according to the engine rotation. Offering better performance;
- Biturbo: uses two turbochargers in series, one small and one large, to improve the engine’s response. The small turbo works at low revs, while the large turbo works at higher revs;
- Electric Turbo: works with the aid of an electric motor to eliminate the delay in the turbo’s response.
Where Is The Turbocharger?
The turbocharger is located near the engine’s exhaust manifold. Its position allows the hot gases to be used to drive the turbine and generate more power.
In more modern engines, the turbo may be equipped with an intercooler to cool the compressed air before it reaches the combustion chamber.
Do Turbo Cars Consume More Fuel?
A turbo engine can be more efficient because it makes better use of the air-fuel mixture.
However, aggressive driving and constant use of the turbo can increase fuel consumption.
What Is The Main Advantage Of A Turbocharger?
The turbocharger brings some advantages to the consumer, such as:
1. More Power Without Increasing The Engine’s Cubic Capacity
The turbocharger allows a small engine to generate more power, which makes driving more dynamic without the need for a larger engine.
2. Better Fuel Efficiency
By making better use of the air-fuel mixture, turbo engines can be more economical, especially if you drive defensively.
3. Lower Pollutant Gas Emissions
Turbocharged cars produce fewer emissions, which helps meet environmental standards without compromising performance.
4. Better Acceleration And Overtaking Performance
With more power available, vehicles respond better to fast acceleration and overtaking. This means greater safety on the road.
How Do You Diagnose A Turbocharger Failure?
Identifying a malfunction in the turbocharger is essential to avoid worse damage to the engine.
The main signs include loss of power, unusual noises and increased oil consumption.
What Are The Main Symptoms Of A Faulty Turbocharger?
If you notice any of these symptoms, it is recommended that you see a professional to check the condition of the turbocharger and prevent more serious damage:
1. Loss Of Power
If the vehicle takes longer to respond or seems less powerful, the turbo may be faulty.
2. Excessive Smoke From The Exhaust
A faulty turbocharger can cause blue or black smoke, indicating excessive oil consumption or an irregular fuel mixture.
3. Strange Noises
Whistling or humming noises coming from the engine can be a sign of wear on the turbo bearings.
4. Increased Oil Consumption
If the car is consuming more oil than normal, there may be an internal loss in the turbo.
5. Fault Light On The Dashboard
In some cases, the car’s electronic system can detect faults in the turbo and activate a warning on the dashboard.
How Can You Extend The Service Life Of A Turbocharger?
To extend the life of your turbocharger, you should:
- Use high-quality oil and change it regularly;
- Do not accelerate abruptly when the engine is still cold;
- Check the lubrication and cooling system regularly.
How Much Does A Turbocharger Cost?
The Price Of A Turbocharger ranges from tens to thousands of euros.
The price of cleaning a turbo, if it has to be dismantled, ranges from hundreds of euros.
Alternatively, you can opt for a rebuilt turbo.
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