The ignition distributor is an essential component in a vehicle’s ignition system.
This component is responsible for ensuring that the mixture of air and fuel is correctly injected into the engine cylinders.
Find out in this article how this component works, its types and maintenance.
What Is An Ignition Distributor?
An ignition distributor is a mechanical device that distributes the electric current generated by the ignition coil to the spark plugs in a specific sequence.
This process is fundamental to the efficient running of the engine, as it ensures that each cylinder receives the spark at the correct time for combustion.
What Does An Ignition Distributor Do?
The ignition distributor’s main function is to direct the electric current from the coil to the spark plugs, synchronizing the ignition of the air and fuel mixture in each cylinder of the engine.
This synchronization is crucial to ensure smooth and efficient engine operation, helping to optimize performance and fuel economy.
What Are The Components Of An Ignition System?
A typical ignition system includes several key components:
- Ignition Coil: generates the high voltage needed to create the spark;
- Distributor: directs the current to the spark plugs;
- Rotor: rotates inside the distributor and sends the electric current to the distributor arm;
- Spark Plugs: create the spark that ignites the mixture of air and fuel.
What Types Of Ignition Distributors?
There are two main types of distributor: the mechanical distributor or the electronic distributor.
Find out the main differences between the two below.
What’s The Difference Between a Mechanical And Electronic Ignition Distributor?
A mechanical distributor is a system of movable contacts for distributing electric current that is very common in old cars. It is more prone to wear and requires more frequent maintenance.
An electronic distributor uses sensors and electronic circuits for more precise and reliable distribution. It requires less maintenance and offers better performance.
How Does The Ignition Distributor Work?
The distributor works by receiving electric current from the coil and distributing it to the spark plugs in the correct order.
The rotor inside the distributor rotates, sending the electric current to each terminal on the hood, which is connected to the spark plugs. This synchronization ensures that each cylinder receives the spark at the right time for combustion.
How Long Does An Ignition Distributor Last?
The lifespan of a distributor varies depending on the type of vehicle and the conditions of use.
As a general rule, electronic distributors tend to last longer than mechanical ones, and can last several years if well maintained.
How Do I Know If My Distributor Needs To Be Replaced?
The ignition distributor should be replaced when it shows signs of wear or failure.
It is recommended to check the condition of the distributor during regular servicing and replace it if there are any malfunctions or excessive wear.
What Causes Ignition Distributor Wear?
The main reasons for wear on this component are:
- Accumulation of dirt;
- Corrosion;
- Contact friction and wear.
Can Rain Or Moisture Damage The Ignition Distributor?
Yes, rain and humidity can damage the distributor.
Water can cause corrosion of the contacts and terminals, leading to malfunctions and breakdowns.
It is therefore important to keep the distributor well sealed and in good condition to avoid these problems.
Can a Faulty Ignition Distributor Increase Fuel Consumption?
A faulty ignition distributor can increase fuel consumption.
If the electric current distribution is incorrect, the air and fuel will not mix properly, leading to inefficient combustion and higher fuel consumption.
How Do You Know If Your Ignition Distributor Is Bad?
Symptoms of distributor failure include:
- Increased fuel consumption;
- Difficulty starting or the engine not starting;
- Intermittent engine faults or irregular running;
- Reduced vehicle performance, particularly in terms of loss of engine efficiency and power.
Is It Possible To Repair An Ignition Distributor Or Is It Better To Replace It?
In many cases, it is possible to repair the ignition distributor by replacing worn components such as contacts and the rotor.
However, if the distributor is badly damaged or the repair costs are high, it may be more economical and effective to replace it with a new one.
How To Repair The Ignition Distributor?
To repair the distributor, you must:
- Disconnect the battery and remove the distributor cap;
- Replace the rotor;
- Check and replace the contacts;
- Clean the hood and terminals;
- Adjust the ignition point;
- Reinstall the hood and test the system.
How Much Does It Cost To Replace a Distributor?
The cost of replacing an ignition distributor can vary depending on the type of vehicle and the distributor model. On average, the cost ranges from hundreds of euros, including parts and labor.
It’s best to get several quotes to find the best option.
Why Don’t Modern Cars Have Ignition Distributors?
Most modern cars use distributorless ignition system. These systems are more efficient and reliable, offering better performance and less maintenance.
Direct ignition technology eliminates the need for a mechanical distributor and uses individual coils for each spark plug.
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